Rabu, 08 Juni 2016

Tugas Bahasa Inggris 3

You Are My Everything

When I see stars, I think of you
Then I always pray for you
And I know what my heart was made for
To love you
Forevermore

When I feel you in my heart
The I hear your voice from your eyes
I'll always love you
And I'm waiting for you until the end of time

Here I am, way to you
I hope that someday you will realize
That I can see forever in your eyes
And I'm wishing my dream will come true
I am lost without you
You are my everything

When I feel you in my heart
The I hear your voice from your eyes
I'll always love you
And I'm waiting for you until the end of time

You Are My Everything


Here I am, way to you
I hope that someday you will realize
That I can see forever in your eyes
And I'm wishing my dream will come true
I am lost without you
You are my everything

Isn't it clear to see
You belong with me
We are meant to be
In love eternally
My love

Here I am, way to you
I hope that someday you will realize
That I can see forever in your eyes
And I'm wishing my dream will come true
I am lost without you
You are my everything



----------------------------------------------------------

a mother's love

when I came into the world
you are most looking forward to my presence

without struggle Mu pain
to see the world I do not even capable

That's my mother
are always there whenever needed

you're the mother
I always Brag

I always loved
that will always be in my heart forever


-------------------------------------------------------------

FAITHFULNESS IN LOVE


I start with anger
I start with a grudge
I start with the pain


I love you with my loved
you hurt our love
we have lived
you divide the liver and
love for my best friend


now all have been ended
Wherever you are now back to  me
nothing will be able to separate us

------------------------------------------------------------


Learn to love


when I know love
you're here to teach me
What is love

but because of love
you have to leave you
for a while

when the time took you
kesisi return ku
even for a moment

then I feel happy
and because of you I learned
to appreciate the time

because of the time
who brought you
go on and carry you

return to my side


--------------------------------------------------------


Father mother

I was present in this world
because you love me

Leave me god to you
to maintain , educate and raise my

you people are always there
whenever I need

you are everything to me
without you I'm nothing

Sabtu, 28 Mei 2016

Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2

Penjelasan Degrees of Comparison dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Contoh Kalimat
Menurut Oxford Dictionary, Degree of comparison is the grammar made from adjective and adverb to compare something. Dengan kata lain, degree of comparison adalah  bentuk kata sifat (adjective) ataupun kata keterangan (adverb) untuk menyatakan sebuah perbandingan.

Degree of comparison sendiri dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu positive, comparative dan juga superlative, ketiganya sama-sama berfungsi sebagai sesuatu yang digunakan untuk membadingkan. Berikut penjelasan lengkapnya.

1.       Positive Degree

Digunakan untuk menyatakan tingkat perbandingan, namun tidak ada perubahan pada kata sifat (adjective) ataupun kata keterangan nya (adverb), positive degree menggunakan ‘AS’ sebagai tingkat perbandinganya.

Contoh :

This task is as difficult as the examination (test ini sama susahnya dengan ujian)
cooking is as easy as washing the plate (memasak itu sama mudahnya dengan mencuci piring)
my sister is as beautiful as you (adik ku sama cantiknya dengan mu)
this internet is as slow as yours (internet ini sama lambatnya seperti milik mu)
Billgate is as rich as Einstein (Billgate sama kayanya dengan einstein)
my room is as clear as yours (ruangan ku sama bersihnya seperti milikmu)
she is as smart as Rinda (dia sama pintarnya dengan Rinda)
My mother is as patient as me (ibuku sama sabarnya dengan ku)
               
 2.           Comparative Degree
Comparative digunakan untuk menyatakan perbandingan, dimana kata sifat (adjective) dan kata keterangan (adverb) mengalami perubahan. Apabila adjective atau adverb tersebut terdiri dari 1 suku kata seperti smart, big, low maka di tambah dengan ‘er’ jika lebih dari 1 suku kata seperti handsome, beautiful, expensive maka di tambah dengan ‘More’, lalu setiap perbandingan di tambah dengan ‘than’ yang berarti ‘daripada’.

Contoh :
This girl is more beautiful than you (gadis ini lebih cantik dari pada kamu)
my little boy is more handsome than my darling (adik ku lebih tampan daripada pacarku)
Dinda is taller than Bayu (Dinda lebih tinggi daripada Bayu)
my handphone is smaller than yours (Hp ku lebih kecil daripada milik mu)
This student is smarter than me (murid ini lebih pandai dari pada aku)
Iron is cheaper than gold (bei lebih murah dari pada emas)
my handphone is more expensive than my laptop (hp ku lebih mahal daripada laptopku)
this current budget is lower than before (keuangan sekarang lebih rendah daripada sebelumnya)

3.            Superlative Degree
Superlative digunakan untuk menyatakan perbandingan, dimana kata sifat (adjective) dan kata keterangan (adverb) mengalami perubahan. Apabila adjective atau adverb tersebut terdiri dari 1 suku kata seperti smart, big, low maka di tambah dengan ‘est’ jika lebih dari 1 suku kata seperti handsome, beautiful, expensive maka di tambah dengan ‘Most’, superlative ini digunakan untuk membandingkan minimal 3 hal atau lebih dan selalu di awali dengan kata ‘the’.

Contoh :

This girl is the most beautiful students in the class (gadis ini adalah siswa tercantik di kelas)
My home is the smallest one in the village (rumahku adalah yang paling kecil di desa)
Love is the most expensive thing in the world (Cinta adalah hal yang paling mahal di dunia)
My father is the most handsome man in the world (ayahku adalah laki-laki tertampan di dunia)
my mother is the most patient woman in the world (ibuku adalah wanita paling sabar di dunia)
This car is the biggest one in the parking area (mobil ini merupakan yang paling besar di tempat parkir)


Macam, Aturan, dan Contoh Kalimat Degrees of Comparison

Positive Degree

Ketika digunakan untuk menyatakan perbandingan, positive degree harus digunakan bersama kata as. Positive degree memiliki bentuk standar tanpa perubahan: big, carefully, difficult, easy, rich, etc.

Contoh Kalimat Positive Degree:

The task is not as difficult as you imagine. (adjective)
He drives as carefully as my father in the residential area. (adverb)
Comparative Degree

degree of comparisonComparative adjective dan comparative adverb digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal. Kebanyakannya adjective atau adverb satu suku kata ditambahkan akhiran -er, sedangkan dua suku kata atau lebih diawali dengan kata more. Khusus untuk dua suku kata adjective dengan akhiran -y, akhiran tersebut dihilangkan lalu ditambahkan -ier. Ketika berada di dalam kalimat, degree of comparison ini biasanya ditemani kata than.

Superlative Degree

Baik superlative adjective maupun superlative adverb berfungsi untuk membandingankan tiga atau lebih hal. Mayoritas satu suku katanya ditambahkan akhiran -est, sedangkan lebih dari satu suku kata diawali dengan kata most. Adapun untuk dua suku kata adjective dengan akhiran -y, akhiran tersebut dihilangkan lalu ditambahkan -iest. Ketika berada di dalam kalimat, superlative degree diawali dengan kata the.

Ketentuan:

Kata sifat yang memiliki satu suku kata ditambahkan ‘-er’ pada tingkat comparative dan ‘-est’ pada tingkat superlative.
Contoh :
– Tall – taller (comparative) – tallest (superlative)
– Fast – faster (comparative) – fastest (superlative)
– Cheap – cheaper (comparative) – cheapest (superlative)
Kata sifat yang berakhiran huruf konsonan dan didahului huruf vocal, maka harus digandakan.

Contoh :
– Fat – fatter (comparative) – fattest (superlative)
– Big – bigger (comparative) – biggest (superlative)
– Thin – thinner (comparative) – thinnest (superlative)
Kata sifat yang bersuku kata dua dan berakhiran ‘-y’ yang didahului huruf konsonan, maka harus diubah menjadi ‘i’ kemudian ditambahkan ‘-er’ atau ‘-est’.

Contoh :
– Dirty – dirtier (comparative) – dirtiest (superlative)
– Busy – busier (comparative) – busiest (superlative)
– Lazy – lazier (comparative) – laziest (superlative)
Kata sifat yang berakhiran ‘-ful’ dan ‘less’, ditambahkan more untuk tingkat comparative dan most untuk tingkat superlative.

Contoh :
– Colorful – more colorful (comparative) – most colorful (superlative)
– Beautiful – more beautiful (comparative) – most beautiful (superlative)
– Careless – more careless (comparative) – most careless (superlative)
Kata sifat yang terdiri lebih dari dua suku kata, ditambahkan more untuk tingkat comparative dan most untuk tingkat superlative.

Contoh :
– Expensive – more expensive (comparative) – most expensive (superlative)
– Popular – more popular (comparative) – most popular (superlative)
– Diligent – more diligent (comparative) – most diligent (superlative)
Kata sifat comparative dan supperlatif bentuk tidak beraturan (Irregular)

Contoh :
– Bad – worse (comparative) – worst (superlative)
– Good – better (comparative) – best (superlative)
– Little – less (comparative) – least (superlative)
– Much/many (comparative) – more – most (superlative)
Latihan Soal Degrees Comparison Lengkap Dengan Kunci Jawaban
A buffalo is … than a cat. (big)
Lisa is the… girl in my school. (beautiful)
Your T-shirt is … than mine. (colorful)
My shoes are the …. in my class. (clean)
Andika and Andini buy the … car in the supermarket. (expensive)

Key answers:
Bigger
Most beautiful
More colorful
Cleanest
Most expensive



9 Kata Tanya dalam Bahasa Inggris (8W + 1H)
Kata tanya (question words) dalam bahasa Inggris terdiri dari 9 buah yaitu what, where, when, which, why, whose, who, whom, dan how. Oleh karena itu, kata tanya ini lazim disebut 8W + 1H.
Kalimat yang dibentuk dari kata-kata tanya tersebut umumnya disebut WH questions. Bagi banyak orang, membentuk WH questions tidaklah mudah dan sering membingungkan. Namun, jangan khawatir, di bawah ini ada cara mudahnya.
Yang perlu Anda ingat dalam membentuk WH questions adalah:
1.       Bentuk waktu (tense)
2.      Memiliki main verb atau tidak? Jika memiliki main verb, gunakan formulaQASM (Question word, Auxiliary verb, Subject, Main verb)
3.      Disertai keterangan atau tidak?
Untuk lebih jelasnya, silakan lihat tabel di bawah ini.





 1. What (Apa)

What digunakan untuk menanyakan benda atau hal. Contoh kalimat tanya yang menggunakan kata what bisa Anda lihat di bawah ini.
§  What is your mother’s name? [Siapa nama ibumu?]
§  What does Sarah think about your project? [Apa yang Sarah pikirkan tentang proyek Anda?]
§  What did Sarah eat yesterday? [Apa yang Sarah makan kemarin?]
§  What was Sarah doing when you called? [Apa yang Sarah lakukan ketika Anda menelpon?]
§  What have they been doing all day? [Apa yang telah mereka lakukan sepanjang hari?]
§  What will Sarah think about your project? [Apa yang akan Sarah pikirkan tentang proyek Anda?]
Anda juga bisa meletakkan kata benda yang Anda ingin tanyakan setelah what. Contohnya adalah:
§  What kind of cat do you have? [Kucing macam apa yang Anda punya?]
§  What car did Wawan buy last week? [Mobil apa yang dibeli Wawan minggu lalu?]
§  What movie did Sarah see last night? [Film apa yang Sarah tonton tadi malam?]
Selain itu, Anda bisa juga meletakkan kata kerja setelah what. Berikut adalah contoh kalimatnya:
§  What makes your blog unique? [Apa yang membuat blogmu unik?]
§  What makes us happy? [Apa yang membuat kita bahagia?]
§  What annoys you the most at work? [Apa yang paling membuatmu jengkel di tempat kerja?]

2. Where (Di mana, Ke mana, Dari mana)

Where digunakan untuk menanyakan tempat. Lihat contoh penggunaannya dalam kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini:
§  Where do you work? [Di mana Anda bekerja?]
§  Where do they live? [Di mana mereka tinggal?]
§  Where are my shoes? [Di mana sepatu saya?]
§  Where are you going? [Ke mana Anda akan pergi?]
§  Where do we go now? [Ke mana kita akan pergi sekarang?]
§  Where did you buy that T-shirt? [Di mana Anda membeli T-shirt itu?]
§  Where have you been? [Sudah dari mana Anda?]

3. When (Kapan)

When digunakan untuk menanyakan waktu. Contoh kalimatnya:
§  When is your birthday? [Kapan ulang tahun Anda?]
§  When do the shop open? [Kapan toko itu buka?]
§  When did that happen? [Kapan itu terjadi?]
§  When did you live in New York? [Kapan Anda tinggal di New York?]
§  When will they arrive? [Kapan mereka akan tiba?]

4. Which (Yang mana)

Which digunakan untuk menanyakan pilihan. Contohnya:
§  Which car do you want to buy? [Mobil yang mana yang ingin Anda beli?]
§  Which flavour of ice cream would you like? [Rasa es krim yang mana yang Anda sukai?]
§  Which route do we should take? [Rute yang mana yang harus kami lalui?]
§  Which drink did you order? [Minuman yang mana yang Anda pesan?]

5. Why (Mengapa, Kenapa)

Why digunakan untuk menanyakan alasan. Contoh kalimatnya adalah:
§  Why do you love me? [Mengapa Anda mencintai saya?]
§  Why do we need a nanny? [Mengapa kita memerlukan seorang pengasuh?]
§  Why does the food smell bad? [Mengapa makanan itu bau?]
§  Why is he ignoring me? [Mengapa dia mengabaikan saya?]
§  Why are they always late? [Mengapa mereka selalu terlambat?]
§  Why did she stop writing? [Mengapa dia berhenti menulis?]
§  Why did you do that? [Kenapa Anda melakukan itu?]
§  Why did you not go for work today? [Mengapa Anda tidak pergi kerja hari ini?]

6. Whose (Punya siapa)

Whose digunakan untuk menanyakan kepemilikan. Contoh kalimatnya:
§  Whose car is this? [Mobil siapa ini?]
§  Whose laptop did he steal? [Laptop siapa yang dia curi?]
§  Whose place are you staying at? [Tempat siapa yang sedang Anda tinggali?]

7. Who (Siapa, sebagai subjek)

Who digunakan untuk menanyakan orang (sebagai subjek). Contoh kalimatnya bisa Anda lihat di bawah ini:
§  Who is that? [Siapa itu?]
§  Who is going to come with Messi? [Siapa yang akan datang dengan Messi?]
§  Who is she dating now? [Siapa yang sedang dia kencani sekarang?]
§  Who can help me bring this table? [Siapa yang bisa membantu saya membawa meja ini?]
§  Who were you calling? [Siapa yang sedang Anda telepon?
§  Who will you invite to the party? [Siapa yang akan Anda undang ke pesta?]
Selain itu, who juga bisa langsung diikuti oleh kata kerja. Perhatikan contoh-contohnya di bawah ini:
§  Who wants to eat? [Siapa yang mau makan?]
§  Who cares? [Siapa yang peduli?]
§  Who won the match? [Siapa yang memenangkan pertandingan?]
§  Who wrote the Harry Potter? [Siapa yang menulis Harry Potter?]

8. Whom (Siapa, sebagai objek)

Berbeda dengan who, whom digunakan untuk menanyakan orang sebagai objek. Contoh kalimatnya adalah:
§  Whom are you talking about? [Siapa yang sedang Anda bicarakan?]
§  Whom did you interview yesterday? [Siapa yang Anda wawancarai kemarin?]
Perbedaan Who dengan Whom
Who
Question: Who will carry the table? (Siapa yang akan membawa meja ini?]
Answer: Parto will carry the table. [Parto akan membawa meja ini. (Parto di sini sebagai subjek)]
Whom
Question: Whom did you see? (Siapa yang Anda lihat?]
Answer: I saw Parto. [Saya melihat Parto. (Parto di sini sebagai objek)]

9. How (Bagaimana, Berapa, Seberapa)

How biasanya digunakan untuk menanyakan cara, kondisi/kualitas, kabar/kesehatan seseorang, jumlah (yang dapat dan tidak dapat dihitung), usia, jarak, durasi, dan frekuensi. Contoh kalimatnya:
§  How does the washing machine work? [Bagaimana cara kerja mesin cuci?]
§  How was your exam? [Bagaimana ujian Anda?]
§  How are you [Bagaimana kabar Anda?]
§  How many children does Parto have? [Berapa banyak anak yang Parto miliki?]
§  How much money have you spent this month? [Berapa banyak uang yang telah Anda habiskan bulan ini?]
§  How old are you? [Berapa usia Anda?]
§  How far is Bali from Jakarta? [Seberapa jauh Bali dari Jakarta?]
§  How long can you go? [Berapa lama Anda bisa pergi?]
§  How often do you visit your grandmother? [Seberapa sering Anda mengunjungi nenek Anda?]


WHAT

What digunakan ketika kita ingin mengetahui informasi mengenai suatu hal. What biasa diartikan sebagai ‘apa’seperti dalam beberapa contoh kalimat berikut:What did you do in the park last night?
Apa yang kamu lakukan di taman tadi malam?
What would you like for breakfast?
Apa yang kamu suka untuk sarapan?
What juga bisa diartikan ‘siapa atau berapa’ dalam kondisi tertentu, misalnya:
What is your name?
Siapa nama kamu?
What time is it?
jam berapa sekarang?
What is your number?
Berapa nomor telepon kamu?

WHEN

When dapat diartikan sebagai ‘kapan’ dan biasa digunaan untuk menanyakan hal yang berhubungan dengan waktu, seperti:

When will you come to my house?
kapan kamu akan datang ke rumah saya?
When did the accident happen?
kapan kecelakaan itu terjadi?
When do you arrive?
kapan kamu sampai?

WHERE

Where diartikan sebagai ‘dimana/kemana’. Question word ini seringkali digunakan ketika kita ingin menanyakan informasi yang berhubungan dengan tempat, lokasi, atau posisi. Seperti pada beberapa kalimat berikut ini:Wheredid you put the key?
Dimana kamu menaruh kuncinya?
Where are you going?
kemana kamu akan pergi?
Where do you live?
Dimana kamu tinggal?
Advertisement

WHO

Who dapat diartikan menjadi ‘siapa‘. Digunakan untuk menanyakan identitas, atau orang. Misalnya:Who are you?
Siapa kamu?
Who is that boy?
Siapa bocah itu?
Who left the door open?
Siapa yang membiarkan pintu terbuka?

WHOSE

Whose digunakan untuk menanyakan kepemilikan. Contohnya:Whose car is that?
Mobil milik siapa itu?
Whose house is across from yours?
Rumah milik siapa yang ada di seberang rumahmu?
Whose friend is that girl?
Teman siapakah gadis itu?

WHICH

Which dapat diartikan sebagai ‘yang mana’ dan digunakan untuk menanyakan sebuah pilihan, seperti:Whichshoes do you like?
Sepatu yang mana yang kamu suka?
Which of the two fottball players is better?
Yang mana diantara dua pemain sepak bola itu yang lebih baik?
Which one will you choose?
Yang mana yang akan kamu pilih?

WHY

Memiliki arti ‘mengapa’. Question word ini digunakan untuk menanyakan sebuah alasan. Contohnya:Why do you love me?
Mengapa kamu mencintai saya?
Why did Boby not go to school today?
Mengapa Boby tidak pergi ke sekolah hari ini?
Why does the cake smell bad?
Mengapa kue ini berbau tak sedap?

HOW

How dapat diartikan menjadi ‘bagaimana’. Ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kondisi, cara, kualitas, dsb. Seperti pada beberapa kalimat berikut:How was the movie?
Bagaimana film nya?
How are you?
Bagaimana kabar mu?
How does it work?
Bagaimana cara kerjanya?

penjelasan passive voice , conditional sentenses , adjective clause


1). Passive Voice
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:

·         Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
·         Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
·         Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
·         Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
·         Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
·         Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active    : He meets them everyday.
Passive  : They are met by him everyday.
Active    : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah wasatau were
Contoh:
Active    : He met them yesterday
Passive  : They were met by him yesterday
Active    : She watered this plant this morning
Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau‘have been’
Contoh:
Active    : He has met them
Passive  : They have been met by him
Active    : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.


d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active    : He had met them before I came.
Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.
Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.
Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Active    : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active   : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active    : He would have met them.
Passive  : They would have been met by him.
Active    : She would have watered this plant.
Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He is meeting them now.
Passive  : They are being met by him now.
Active    : She is watering this plant now.
Passive  : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He was meeting them.
Passive  : They were being met by him.
Active    : She was watering this plant.
Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.

j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He has been meeting them.
Passive  : They have been being met by him.
Active    : She has been watering this plant.
Passive  : This plant has been being watered by her.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He had been meeting them.
Passive  : They had been being met by him.
Active    : She had been watering this plant.
Passive  : This plant had been being watered by her.


l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He will be meeting them.
Passive  : They will be being met by him.
Active    : She will be watering this plant.
Passive  : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He would be meeting them.
Passive  : They would be being met by him.
Active    : She would be watering this plant.
Passive   : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He will have been meeting them.
Passive  : They will have been being met by him.
Active    : She will have been watering this plant.
Passive  : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He would be meeting them.
Passive  : They would be being met by him.
Active    : She would be watering this plant.
Passive  : This plant would be being watered by her.









2). Conditional sentences

·         Conditional sentenses (Type 1)\
conditional sentences (kalimat pengandaian). Conditional sentences terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu subordinate clause (if-clause) yang merupakan pernyataan syarat dan main clause yang merupakan akibat terpenuhi atau tidaknya syarat yang terkandung dalam subordinate clause.
Conditional sentences ada tiga jenis. Berikut ini akan kita bahas satu-persatu :

if clause : simple present tense
main clause : simple future tense

Pada tipe 1 ini suatu tindakan dalam main clause akan terjadi bila syarat dalam if-clause terpenuhi.

Example :
If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new car.

·         Conditional Sentences (Type 2)

if clause : simple past tense
main clause : past future tense (S + would + V1)
Tipe ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan/keadaan yang berlawanan/ bertentangan dengan kenyataan pada saat ini. Sebenarnya syarat dalam if-clause bisa saja terpenuhi, tetapi kemungkinannya sangat kecil.
Example :
If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
(Real fact : You don’t study hard.)




·         Conditional sentence type 3

if clause : past perfect tense (S + had + V3)
main clause : past future perfect (S + would have + V3)
Conditional sentence type 3 ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu syarat yang tidak mungkin lagi dipenuhi karena waktunya telah berlalu. Dengan kata lain, kenyataan bertentangan/berlawanan dengan keadaan di masa lampau.
Example :
If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
(Real fact : I didn’t study hard, so I didn’t pass the exam.
Atau, I didn’t pass the exam because I didn’t study hard.)


Ø  Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau menderita suatu. Dengan kata lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi sasaran kegiatan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan“di-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ter-“ (tergantung pada konteks kalimat).

Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu berawalan “me-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“.

Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah : TO BE / BE + VERB 3
Dalam bentuk kalimat pasif, biasanya diikuti dengan frase “by”.

Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Passive)

ACTIVE:         Jane helps Tina. (Artinya: Jane menolong Tina)
PASSIVE:       Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya: Tina ditolong oleh Jane)

Pada kalimat pasif, Object dari kalimat aktif (Tina) berubah menjadi Subject.

Merubah Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) ke dalam bentuk Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

ACTIVE-PASSIVE SENTENCE, RELATIVE/ADJECTIVE CLAUSES, AND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A.      ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCE
1.       Active Sentence
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
1.       Once a week, Tom cleans the house.
2.       Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.
3.       Sam repaired the car.
4.       The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
5.       Many tourists have visited that castle.
2.       Passive Sentence
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
1.       Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
2.       Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
3.       The car was repaired by Sam.
4.       The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
5.       That castle has been visited by many tourists.

B.      RELATIVE CLAUSES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
An adjective clause is used to describe a noun. A relative pronoun is usually used to introduce an adjective clause. An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or relative clause will meet three requirements:
1.       First, it will contain a subject and verb.
2.       Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].
3.       Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?
The adjective clause will follow one of these two patterns:
1.       Relative Pronoun or Adverb + Subject + Verb
2.       Relative Pronoun as Subject + Verb
Here are some examples:
1.       Whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie ( Relative clauses )
Whose = relative pronoun; eyes = subject; pleaded = verb.
2.       Why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie ( Relative clauses )
Why = relative adverb; Fred = subject; can stand = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb].
3.       That bounced across the kitchen floor ( Relative clauses )
That = relative pronoun functioning as subject; bounced = verb.
4.       Who hiccupped for seven hours afterward ( Relative clauses )
Who = relative pronoun functioning as subject; hiccupped = verb.


C.      CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".

Type of Conditional Sentences :
1.       THE ZERO CONDITIONAL
The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.
Examples :
If clause                                                               Main Clause
If + simple present                                              simple present
1.       If this thing happens                                     that thing happens.
2.       If you heat ice                                               it melts.
3.       If it rains                                                       the grass gets wet.
4.       If we burn paper                                            it becomes ash.
5.       If babies are hungry                                      they cry

2.       TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.
Examples :
If clause                                                               Main Clause
If + simple present                                              simple future
1.       If this thing happens                                     that thing will happen.
2.       If you don't hurry                                         you will miss the train.
3.       If it rains today                                             you will get wet.
4.       If I meet him                                                 I will introduce myself.
5.       If you don't hurry                                         you will miss the bus.

3.       TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
Examples :
If clause                                                               Main clause
If + simple past                                                   present conditional or present continuous conditional
1.       If this thing happened                                   that thing would happen 
2.       If you went to bed earlier                              you would not be so tired.
3.        it rained                                                        you would get wet.
4.       If I spoke Italian                                            I would be working in Italy.
5.       If it rained tomorrow                                     I would sleep all day.

4.       TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.
Examples :
If clause                                                               Main clause
If + past perfect                                                   perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
1.       If this thing had happened                            that thing would have happened. 
2.       If you had studied harder                              you would have passed the exam.
3.       If it had rained                                              you would have gotten wet.
4.       If I had accepted that promotion                  I would have been working in Milan.
5.       If you had  to invite me                                I would have attended your party.

ACTIVE-PASSIVE SENTENCE, RELATIVE/ADJECTIVE CLAUSES, AND CONDITIONAL SENTENCE


A.      ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCE

1.       Active Sentence

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Examples:

1.      Tina is reading the book
2.      We celebrate school annyversary every year
3.       Forest burning has produced a lot of pollution
4.      The students will play basket ball
5.      The school provided rubbish bin two months ago
   
2.       Passive Sentence

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Examples:

1.      The book is being read by Tina
2.      The school annyversary is celebrated every year
3.      A lot of pollution has been produced by forest burning.
4.      The basketball will be played by the students
5.      The rubbish bin was provided by the school two months ago


B.      RELATIVE CLAUSES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

An adjective clause is used to describe a noun. A relative pronoun is usually used to introduce an adjective clause. An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or relative clause will meet three requirements:
1.       First, it will contain a subject and verb.
2.       Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].
3.       Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?

The adjective clause will follow one of these two patterns:
1.       Relative Pronoun or Adverb + Subject + Verb
2.       Relative Pronoun as Subject + Verb

Here are some examples:
1.              The book (which) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
2.              I will introduce you to a friend (that) you have never met before.
3.              The old lady has a painting (whose) value is inestimable.
4.              The old lady has sold the house (where) she has lived for more than twenty years.
5.              I will introduce you to a friend (who) runs a successful business

C.      CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".

Type of Conditional Sentences :
1.       THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.
Formula :

·         If + simple present tense, simple future tense.
If + Subject + verb-1, Subject + will + infinitive
·         Simple future tense, If + simple present tense,
Subject + will + infinitive, If + Subject + verb-1

Examples :

1.      Water will boil if you heat it at 100 degrees Celsius.
2.      Today is so cool, you will get fever if you don’t wear your jacket.
3.      Tree will grow well if you water it everyday.
4.      The computer will be error if you break it down.
5.      The car will not be able to run if there is no tire.

2.       TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL

The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.

Formula           : If + Subject + will + infinitive, Subject + verb-1 
.
Examples :

·         She will arrive here on time if she drive her car by herself.
·         If you don’t come to my birthday party, I will send you an SMS.
·         If you come late again, Mr. Professor will be very angry.
·         Today will be very cool if it rains.
·         You will finish your job if you do it now.

3.       TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL

The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

Formula           : If + Subject + would + infinitive, Subject + verb-2.

Examples :
·         If you could sell this car soon, I would give you more tips
·         Falcao would be line up of Manchester United FC if Rooney went to another club.
·         She would clean the yard if it did not rain
·         We would not win the game, if we didn’t work together as a team.
·         If I were you, I would not let here go.
.
4.       TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

Formula           : If + Subject + would + have + Verb-3, Subject + had + verb-3.

Examples :

·         If I had known that you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
·         If She had been able to finish her job well, she would have been promoted as a director.
·         If John had driven his car carefully, we would not have got an accident.
·         My father would have been here, if the flight had not been canceled.
·         Linda would not have arrived at home, if the my father had not picked her up.



Pengertian, Rumus Dan Contoh Conditional Sentence Tipe 1 2 3

Pengertian conditional sentences

Conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian)  adalah kalimat yang mengandaikan suatu keinginan, harapan, rencana, dan Iain-lain yang masih bisa terjadi [possible), sesuatu yang tak terpenuhi/angan-angan (unreal), dan tak ter- wujud (impossible).

Contoh:

  • If I work hard, I will have a lot of money. (Jika aku bekerja keras, aku akan memiliki banyak uang)
  • If I study English, I will get good score in TOEFL. (Jika aku belajar bahasa Inggris, aku akan mendapatkan nilai yang bagus dalam tes TOEFL)
  • If I had a lot of money, I would buy an expensive car. (Jika aku memiliki banyak uang, aku akan menibeli mobil yang mahal)
  • If i were you, I would work in that foreign company. (Jika aku jadi kamu, aku akan bekerja di perusahaan asing itu)
  • If I had got high score in the national examination, I would have studeid in a state university. (jika aku mendapatkan nilai yang bagus di ujian nasional, aku akan belajar disebuah perguruan tinggi negeri)
  • We would have got the ticket if we had come earlier. (Kita akan mendapatkan tiket jika kita datang lebih awal.)


Ketika posisi induk kalimat berada di depan, maka tidak perlu adanya pemisah berupa tanda koma (,) di antara induk dan anak kalimat.

Ketika posisi anak kalimat (if clause) berada di depan, maka digunakan pemisah berupa tanda koma (,).

KINDS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu:
Kalimat pengandaian tipe 1 (type 1)

If + subject + VI (Simple Present Tense)+Subject + will + VI (Simple Present tense)
atau
If + subect + (be) present + adjective/noun+Subject + will be + adjective/noun
Contoh:

If I study hard, I will pass the final examination. (jika aku belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh, aku akan lulus dalam ujian akhir)
Keterangan:

> Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentece) tipe 1 digunakan untuk mengungkapkan atau mengandaikan sesuatu yang belum terjadi pada waktu sekarang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi dalam waktu dekat. Kalimat semacam ini menjelaskan untuk menyatakan suatu pola sebab dan akibat.


Kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 (type 2)

Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 2:

If + subject + V2/simple past tense + Subject + would + Vl/past future tense
atau
If + subject + were + adjective/noun + Subject + would be + adjective/noun

Contoh:

Rony would buy a new car if he got the job in foreign company. (Rony akan membeli mobil baru jika ia mendapatkan pekerjaan di perusahaan asing)
If I passed the company entrance test, I would treat you a plate of steak. (jika aku lulus dalam tes masuk perusahaan, aku akan mentraktirmu sepiring bistik)
If I were you, I would apply for that scholarship. (jika aku jadi kamu, aku akan melamar untuk beasiswa itu)

Keterangan:

Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) tipe 2 merupakan kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi atau yang bertentangan dengan kenyataan pada waktu sekarang. Kalimat dengan tipe ini biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu khayalan.
Fakta: fakta yang diungkapkan oleh kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 adalah bahwa saat ini apa yang diandaikan itu tidak terjadi.

Contoh:

Condotional Sentence:

If I had long holiday, I would visit your home. (jika aku libur panjang, aku akan mengunjungi rumahmu)

 pengertian dan contoh conditional sentence tipe 1 2 3 terlengkap
Fakta/Fact :

I have not long holiday. (Aku tidak libur panjang)

Conditional Sentence:
If I were you, I would go to that party. (Kalau aku jadi kamu, aku akan pergi ke pesta itu)

Fact:
I am not you. (Aku bukan kamu)

Catatan : were digunakan baik oleh subjek tunggal maupun jamak. Namun. ada kalanya bentuk was digunakan pada subjek (I , he, she, it) ketika digunakan pada percakapan tidak formal.

Misalnya : If I was you. I would accept his invitation.



Kalimat pengandaian tipe 3 (type 3)
Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 3:

If + subject + had + V3/past perfects + subject + would have + V3/past perfect
atau
if + subject + had been + adjective/noun + subject + would have been + adjective/noun

Contoh:

If I had had enough time, I would have come to your wedding party. (Kalau saja aku punya waktu yang cukup, aku akan datang ke pesta pernikahanmu)
Ifl had worked hard, I would have got the promotion for manager position. (Kalau saja aku bekerja keras, aku akan mendapatkan promosi untuk jabatan manajer)
If I hadn’t gone to the mountain, I wouldn’t have had an accident. (Kalau saja aku tidak pergi ke gunung, aku tidak akan mengalami kecelakaan)


Keterangan:

Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) tipe 3 adalah kalimat yang mengandaikan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi dan tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Tipe kalimat ini biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu penyesalan.
Fakta yang diungkapkan dalam kalimat pengandaian ini adalah bahwa apa yang diandaikan tidak pernah terjadi di masa lalu.
Contoh:

Conditional sentence:

If I had studied English well, I would have got good score in TOEIC. (kalau aku belajar bahasa Inggris dengan baik, aku akan mendapatkan nilai yang baik di TOEIC.

Fact:

I did not study. Therefore, I had bad score in TOEIC. ( Aku tidak belajar. Maka dari itu, aku mendapatkan nilai yang buruk di TOEIC. )


Kalimat pengandaian (Conditional Sentence) juga dapat menggunakan bentuk progressive atau continuous jika memang menerangkan proses yang sedang terjadi.
Contoh:

Conditional Sentence:

If I were working in England, I would be living together with my family. (jika aku bekerja di Inggris. aku akan dapat tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku)

Fact:

I am not working in England. I am not living together with my family. (Aku tidak bekerja di Inggris. Aku tidak tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku)

Conditional Sentence:

If it were not raining right now, I would go to the music concert. (kalau sekarang tidak hujan, aku akan pergi ke konser musik)

Fact:

It is raining right now, so I will not go the music concert. (Sekarang sedang hujan, jadi aku tidak akan pergi ke konser musik)

Conditional sentence:

If I had been working in England last year. I would have been living together with my family. (Kalau aku bekerja di Inggris tahun kemarin, aku pasti tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku).

Fact:

I was not working in England. I was not living together with my family (aku tidak bekerja di Inggris. Aku tidak tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku)

Conditional sentence:

If it has not been raining, I would have gone to the music concert. (kalau tidak hujan, aku pasti pergi ke konser musik)

Fact:

It was raining yesterday, so 1 did not go to the music concert. (Kemarin hujan, jadi aku tidak pergi ke konser musik)



Conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian) dapat mengungkapkan kejadian atau pengandaian yang terjadi pada waktu yang berbeda. Misalnya, klausa if (anak kalimat) mengungkapkan kejadian pada waktu lampau [past), sedangkan induk kalimat mengungkapkan kejadian yang sekarang [present).
Contoh:

Conditional sentence:

If I had prepared some foods several hours ago, I would not be hungry right now. (Jika aku mempersiapkan makanan beberapa jam yang lalu, aku tidak akan lapar sekarang)

Fact:

I did not prepare some foods several hours ago so 1 am hungry right now. (Aku tidak mempersiapkan makanan beberapa jam yang lalu, jadi aku lapar sekarang).



Jika terdapat penggunaan were, had (past perfect), dan should terkadang terdapat penghilangan if.
Contoh:

Were I you, I would attend the state university entrance test.

Were I you = if I were you



Terdapat pola suatu kalimat yang mengindikasikan suatu kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence)
Contoh:

I would have come to your party, but I had to go to my sister’s wedding party. (Kalau aku tidak harus pergi ke pesta pernikahan kakakku aku pasti akan datang ke pestamu).


Catatan:

Ada kalanya di dalam suatu kalimat tidak menyebutkan klausa IF secara eksplisit. Ketika klausa if disebutkan secara eksplisit maka kalimat di atas akan menjadi : If I had not had to go to my sister’s wedding party, 1 would have come to your party.